2. SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Sentence structure refers to the way words are arranged to form meaningful sentences. A correct sentence must express a complete idea and follow basic grammatical rules.

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2.1 Subject and Predicate

Every sentence has two main parts:

Subject

The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
👉 It answers the question “Who?” or “What?”

Predicate

The predicate tells something about the subject.
👉 It includes the verb and gives information about the action or state.

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Examples

1. She (subject) is reading a book (predicate).
2. The boys (subject) are playing football (predicate).
3. My father (subject) works in an office (predicate).
4. The sun (subject) rises in the east (predicate).

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Important Note

• The predicate always contains a verb.
• Without a subject or predicate, a sentence is incomplete.

❌ Running fast. (Incomplete)
✔ He is running fast. (Complete)

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2.2 Types of Sentences

Sentences are classified based on their purpose or function.

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2.2.1 Declarative Sentence (Statement)

A declarative sentence gives information or states a fact.

Uses

• To express facts, opinions, or statements.

Examples

1. She is a teacher.
2. The earth revolves around the sun.
3. I like reading books.
4. They live in Kerala.

👉 Ends with a full stop (.)

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2.2.2 Interrogative Sentence (Question)

An interrogative sentence asks a question.

Uses

• To get information or clarification.

Examples

1. Where are you going?
2. What is your name?
3. Are you ready?
4. Did she complete the work?

👉 Ends with a question mark (?)

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2.2.3 Imperative Sentence (Order/Request)

An imperative sentence gives an order, request, advice, or instruction.

Uses

• Commands: Close the door.
• Requests: Please help me.
• Advice: Work hard.
• Instructions: Turn left at the corner.

Examples

1. Open the window.
2. Please sit down.
3. Do your homework.
4. Speak the truth.

👉 Usually ends with a full stop (.)
👉 Sometimes ends with an exclamation mark (!) for strong commands.

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2.2.4 Exclamatory Sentence (Strong Feeling)

An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion such as joy, surprise, anger, or sorrow.

Uses

• To show excitement, shock, happiness, or sadness.

Examples

1. What a beautiful day!
2. How wonderful this is!
3. Oh! I forgot my book!
4. What a great victory!

👉 Ends with an exclamation mark (!)

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Quick Recap

• Subject → who/what the sentence is about
• Predicate → what is said about the subject

Types of Sentences:

• Declarative → statement
• Interrogative → question
• Imperative → order/request
• Exclamatory → strong feeling

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Simple Memory Tip

👉 Every sentence has a subject + verb, and every sentence has a purpose

GRAMMAR BASICS   1.PARTS OF SPEECH  2. SENTENCE STRUCTURE  3.TENSES
4.SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT  5.ARTICLES AND DETERMINERS
6.VOICE-ACTIVE & PASSIVE  7.DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
8.PUNCTUATION  9 CLAUSES & PHRASES  10.MODALS